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ISS Astronauts 3D Print The First Spare Part In Space

This article is more than 9 years old.

The International Space Station’s crew has successfully manufactured the first 3D object in space, a landmark that could pave the way for long-term space exploration.

Carting a 3D printer all the way into space might seem like a bit of a gimmick, but the ability to create objects in space could revolutionise space travel. Instead of carrying spare parts for every vital bit of equipment on the astronauts’ spacecraft, they could install a 3D printer and raw materials and run off whatever piece of hardware they need.

"This first print is the initial step toward providing an on-demand machine shop capability away from Earth," said Niki Werkheiser, project manager for the International Space Station 3-D Printer at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Centre. "The space station is the only laboratory where we can fully test this technology in space.”

Current expedition commander Barry “Butch” Wilson of NASA installed the device on the ISS on November 17 and conducted the first calibration test print. After beaming the results back home, the ground control team sent up some instructions to realign the printer for a second test on November 20.

The printer was ready to go on November 24, when ground controllers sent the printer the command for the first part – the faceplate of the extruder’s casing – a replacement part for itself!

The 3D gadget uses additive manufacturing to heat a relatively low temperature plastic filament and then extrude it layer by layer to build up the part defined in the design file.

When Wilmore went to pick the part up yesterday, he found that it had rather stuck on the tray a bit harder than the team were hoping, which might indicate that layer bonding is different in microgravity than here on Earth.

This is the first time we’ve ever used a 3-D printer in space, and we are learning, even from these initial operations ,” Werkheiser said.

“As we print more parts we’ll be able to learn whether some of the effects we are seeing are caused by microgravity or just part of the normal fine-tuning process for printing. When we get the parts back on Earth, we’ll be able to do a more detailed analysis to find out how they compare to parts printed on Earth.”

Wilmore has already installed a new print tray and the ground control team is sending commands to fine-tune the printer’s alignment and try again. These minute calibrations will allow the researchers to try to come up with a set of parameters to print parts perfectly in space.

Of course, the first printed part isn’t going to be kept as a spare, it has already been engraved with the names of the organisations that collaborated on the project, NASA and Made In Space, the space manufacturing firm that helped the agency design, build and test the 3D printer.

“We chose this part to print first because, after all, if we are going to have 3D printers make spare and replacement parts for critical items in space, we have to be able to make spare parts for the printers,” Werkheiser said.

“If a printer is critical for explorers, it must be capable of replicating its own parts, so that it can keep working during longer journeys to places like Mars or an asteroid. Ultimately, one day, a printer may even be able to print another printer.

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